Application of Capacitive Deionization in Water Treatment and Energy Recovery: A Review

Water resources are the basis for human survival and development. However, beings face severe challenges of water pollution freshwater shortage. With critical advantages low energy consumption, high efficiency, cost, green pollution-free, renewable electrodes, capacitive deionization (CDI) has become an up-and-coming treatment technology. After decades development, application CDI expanded from seawater desalination to many fields. existing literature still needs a comprehensive overview multi-functional technology in treatment. Therefore, our work critically reviewed latest research progress meet technical requirements various This paper first summarizes applications treatment, focusing on CDI’s representative results heavy metal removal, organic contaminants softening, phosphate nitrate disinfection. In addition, we also discussed recovery consumption assessment process. Finally, this discusses future opportunities facing